Structural Mechanics Module

Perform Mechanical Analyses with the Structural Mechanics Module

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FEA Software for Structural Analyses

The Structural Mechanics Module is an add-on to the COMSOL Multiphysics® platform that brings you modelling tools and functionality tailored for analysing mechanical behaviour of solid structures. Application areas include mechanical engineering, civil engineering, geomechanics, biomechanics, and MEMS devices. Using the Structural Mechanics Module, you will be able to answer questions concerning, for example, stress and strain levels; deformations, stiffness, and compliance; natural frequencies; response to dynamic loads; and buckling instability, to name a few.

Combining the Structural Mechanics Module with other modules from the COMSOL® product suite allows for further extending your models to include heat transfer, electromagnetics, and fluid flow effects — all within one simulation environment.

The following types of analyses can be run with the Structural Mechanics Module:

  • Stationary
  • Eigenfrequency
    • Undamped
    • Damped
    • Prestressed
  • Transient
    • Direct or mode superposition
  • Frequency response
    • Direct or mode superposition
    • Prestressed
  • Parametric
  • Quasistatic
  • Linear buckling
  • Mode analysis
  • Modal reduced order
  • Response spectrum
  • Random vibration
 
 

What You Can Model with the Structural Mechanics Module

The COMSOL Multiphysics® FEA software comes with predefined physics interfaces with specialised settings, making it easy to set up and run analyses. The Structural Mechanics Module includes both predefined material models to choose from and the ability to enter user-defined material models, depending on the nature of your analysis. You can also optimise the geometric dimensions, loads, and material properties of your designs with the Optimisation Module add-on.

View more details on what you can model with the Structural Mechanics Module below.

Solid Mechanics
Shells, Plates, and Membranes
Beams, Pipes, and Trusses
Loads and Constraints
Special Features
Material Models
Composite Materials
Fatigue Life
Multibody Dynamics
Rotordynamics
The Solid Mechanics interfaces, available in 3D; 2D (plane stress, plane strain, and generalised plane strain); and 2D axial symmetry, provide the most general approach to analysing solid structures. By using a geometrically nonlinear formulation, you can analyse situations with arbitrarily large rotations and strains.

There is a wide variety of material models to accurately describe your solid mechanics problem, and it is easy to extend these features via equation-based modelling. Define material properties yourself with constant, spatially varying, or nonlinear expressions; lookup-tables; or combinations of these. Elements can be activated and deactivated based on user-defined expressions.

Contact modelling can include static and dynamic analysis, friction, adhesion, decohesion, and wear. The objects in contact can have arbitrarily large relative displacements.
For thin structures, using shell (3D, 2D axisymmetry) and plate (2D) elements can be very efficient. The formulations allow for the transverse shear deformations needed to model thick shells. You can prescribe an offset in the direction normal to a selected surface, which simplifies modelling where you work with a full 3D representation of the geometry. The results from shell element analyses can be presented on two parallel surfaces, which effectively results in a 3D visualisation.

Very thin structures, such as thin films and fabric, require a formulation with no bending stiffness. This is possible in the Membrane interface, in which curved plane stress elements in 3D or 2D axisymmetry are used to compute in-plane and out-of-plane displacements. When studying this type of structure, the ability to start from a prestressed state is used extensively.

In contact analysis for thin structures, properties such as thickness and offset are taken into account.
There are specialised element types for modelling beams, which are slender structures that can be fully described by cross section properties, such as areas and moments of inertia. Formulations for both slender beams (Euler-Bernoulli theory) and thick beams (Timoshenko theory) are available. Predefined couplings allow for mixing beams with other element types to study reinforcements for solid and shell structures.

The Beam interface contains a number of built-in cross section types:
  • Rectangular
  • Box
  • Circular
  • Pipe
  • H-profile
  • U-profile
  • T-profile
  • C-profile
  • Hat
  • User defined

It is also possible to evaluate the cross section properties for arbitrary 2D cross sections and use them as inputs for beam analyses.

Additionally, the Structural Mechanics Module provides a Pipe Mechanics interface, with a specialised element for structural analysis of piping systems. When combined with the Pipe Flow Module, all types of fluid loads can be automatically applied to the pipe system. Lastly, you can model slender structures that can only sustain axial forces (trusses). These elements can also be used for modelling sagging cables and reinforcements.

The Structural Mechanics Module provides you with a multitude of different loads and constraints, which facilitates high-fidelity modelling.
Examples:
  • Distributed loads on domains, boundaries, and edges
  • Total force
  • Follower loads
  • Gravity
  • Moving loads
  • Rotating frames with centrifugal, Coriolis, and Euler forces
  • Springs and dampers
  • Added mass
  • Prescribed displacement, velocity, and acceleration
  • Periodic boundary conditions
  • Low-reflecting boundaries
  • Perfectly matched layers (PMLs)
  • Infinite elements
You will find several features for special types of modelling, such as:
  • Rigid connector
  • Rigid domain
  • Bolt pretension
  • Bolt thread contact modelling
  • Cracks, with evaluation of J-integrals and stress intensity factors
  • Stress linearisation
  • Safety factor expressions
  • Superposition of load cases
  • Computation of effective material properties
    • Uses representative volume elements (RVE)

The Structural Mechanics Module provides linear elastic, viscoelastic, and piezoelectric material models, but you can also access nonlinear materials by adding the Nonlinear Structural Materials Module or the Geomechanics Module.

You have many possibilities to extend the existing material models or create your own:

  • Enter expressions that depend on stress, strain, spatial coordinates, time, or fields coming from another physics interface directly in the input field for a material property
  • In frequency domain analyses, you can enter complex-valued expressions
  • You can add extra PDEs or ODEs to provide inelastic strain contributions
  • It is also possible to include your own material model in the COMSOL Multiphysics® software by programming an external function using C-code

The material models can also accommodate thermal expansion, hygroscopic swelling, initial stresses and strains, as well as several types of damping. Material properties can be isotropic, orthotropic, or fully anisotropic.

The Nonlinear Structural Materials Module and the Geomechanics Module extend the capabilities of the Structural Mechanics Module with a wide range of nonlinear material models. Seamlessly integrated in the COMSOL Multiphysics® GUI, these add-on products can be used for pure nonlinear mechanical analyses or combined with other add-ons for multiphysics analyses. In all, you will find more than 75 different material models for structural mechanics.

Nonlinear materials:
  • Elastoplasticity
  • Hyperelasticity
  • Nonlinear elasticity
  • Viscoplasticity
  • Creep
  • Porous plasticity
  • Shape memory alloys
  • Soil plasticity
  • Concrete
  • Rocks
  • Damage
  • User-defined materials

You can also analyse thin, layered structures with the addition of the Composite Materials Module. This add-on module employs specialised layered material technology with two variations, layerwise theory and equivalent single layer theory, which each provide their own benefits. This module can be used to model layered composite materials such as fiber-reinforced plastic, laminated plates, and sandwich panels found in aircraft components, spacecraft components, wind turbine blades, automobile components, boat hulls, and more.

You can compute the fatigue life of structures using the Fatigue Module, which is available as an add-on to the Structural Mechanics Module. The Fatigue Module allows for a variety of fatigue analyses including strain-, stress-, and energy-based fatigue and is completely integrated with the COMSOL Multiphysics® simulation environment.

Fatigue analyses:

  • High-cycle fatigue
    • Based on stress range
  • Low-cycle fatigue
    • Based on strain range or energy dissipation
  • Rainflow cycle counting
  • Cumulative damage
  • Multiaxial fatigue based on critical plane methods
  • Vibration fatigue

Analyse multibody systems with the Multibody Dynamics Module. It provides an extensive set of tools for simulating mixed systems of flexible and rigid bodies. Together with the Structural Mechanics Module, couplings to the Solid MechanicsShell, and Beam interfaces give access to the full range of structural mechanics features.

Multibody dynamics capabilities:

  • More than 10 different joints for 2D and 3D analyses
  • Springs and dampers
  • Gears
  • Chain drives
  • Rigid body contact
  • Static, transient, eigenfrequency, and frequency domain analysis
  • Lumped mechanical systems

Add the Rotordynamics Module to model components and parts in rotating machines where asymmetries and rotation can lead to instabilities and damaging resonances.

Rotordynamics capabilities:

  • Solid or beam idealisation
  • Hydrodynamic bearings
  • Journal and thrust bearings
  • Roller bearings
  • Campbell diagrams
  • Orbits
  • Waterfall and whirl plots

Import CAD Geometries

In order to produce simulations from structural designs generated with third-party CAD software, you can choose from the interfacing products below to connect with COMSOL Multiphysics®.
 

CAD Import Module and Design Module

Import a variety of industry-standard CAD formats into COMSOL Multiphysics® for simulation analysis using the CAD Import Module. Available features include options to repair and clean up your CAD geometry to prepare it for meshing and analysis, as well as access to the Parasolid® geometry kernel for advanced solid options. The Design Module also includes these features, plus it lets you perform the following 3D CAD operations: loft, fillet, chamfer, midsurface, and thicken.

Interfacing with LiveLink™ Products

Choose from a line of interfacing products that let you import designs from CAD software into COMSOL Multiphysics® to perform advanced simulations. With the LiveLink™ products, you can keep the parameterisation of the CAD-native model so that you can perform parametric studies and optimisation in the COMSOL® software, without having to reconstruct model parameters.

You can also simultaneously update geometry parameters in both the CAD system and COMSOL Multiphysics®, as well as perform parametric sweeps and optimisation over several different modeling parameters.

Available for use with:

  • SOLIDWORKS®
  • Inventor®
  • AutoCAD®
  • PTC® Creo® Parametric™
  • PTC® Pro/ENGINEER®
  • Solid Edge®
 

Multiphysics Couplings for Extended Structural Mechanics Analyses

There are many situations where the structural behavior is tightly coupled to other physical phenomena. One of the advantages with COMSOL Multiphysics® is the ease by which you can mix two or more interactions, all within the same software environment. For many common cases, there are built-in coupling features, as described below. For other cases, you can easily set up the couplings yourself.
 
Fluid-Structure Interaction

Study the interaction between a fluid and solid structure, including both fluid pressure and viscous forces. The deformations of the structure, which act as a boundary condition on the fluid, can be arbitrarily large. The fluid-structure interaction can occur between parts, where the fluid and structures share a mesh, or assemblies, where there does not have to be a common boundary with a shared mesh.

Thermal Stress

Simulate thermal stress and thermoelastic damping with specialised multiphysics couplings. The structure’s material properties can also depend on the temperature field. Contact stresses can affect not only the mechanical solution, but also the heat flux through a contact surface.

Vibrations, Acoustics, and Elastic Waves

Investigate acoustic-structure interaction; vibration; acoustic-shell, solid-acoustic, and piezo-acoustic interactions; and elastic wave propagation by adding the Acoustics Module.

Subsurface Flow

Add the Subsurface Flow Module or Porous Media Flow Module to enhance the solid mechanics interfaces with poroelasticity and porous media flow.

Piezoelectricity and Magnetostriction

Piezoelectric devices can be accurately modeled using a built-in coupling between the Solid Mechanics and Electrostatics interfaces. Material properties for many popular piezoelectric materials are available.

Combine the AC/DC Module with the Structural Mechanics Module to couple solid mechanics and magnetic physics to model a wide range of sensors and actuators, based on the principles of magnetostriction.

MEMS Structures and Piezoresistivity

Add the MEMS Module for structural simulations that are specific to MEMS. The built-in couplings make it easy to analyse piezoresistivity, electromechanical deflection due to electrostatic forces, and electrostriction.

High-Frequency Electromagnetics

Combine the Structural Mechanics Module with the RF Module, Wave Optics Module, or Ray Optics Module for analyses where mechanical deformation and stress affect the performance of RF, microwave, or optical devices.

Low-Frequency Electromagnetics

Combine the AC/DC Module with the Structural Mechanics Module to add electromagnetic effects to your structural analyses, such as deformation due to electromagnetic forces, thermal expansion from Joule heating, and electro-thermo-mechanical contact.

Simulation Applications: Customise Your Model Inputs and Outputs for a Streamlined Design Process

Think of the time and energy you would be able to devote to new projects if you did not have to run repetitious simulation tests for other people on your team. With the Application Builder, included in COMSOL Multiphysics®, you can build simulation applications that further simplify the simulation workflow by enabling you to restrict the inputs and control the outputs of your model so that your colleagues can run their own analyses.

With specialised applications, you can easily change a design parameter, such as a geometrical dimension or material property, and test it as many times as you need without having to rerun the entire simulation. You can use applications to run your own tests more quickly or distribute applications to other members of your team to run their own tests, further freeing up your time and resources for other projects.

The process is simple:

  1. Transform your structural mechanics model into a specialised user interface (an application)
  2. Customise the application to your needs by selecting inputs and outputs for the application users
  3. Use the COMSOL Server™ or COMSOL Compiler™ products to make them accessible to other team members
  4. Enable your team to run their own design analyses without further assistance

You can expand the capabilities of simulation throughout your team, organisation, classroom, or customer base by building and using simulation applications.

Every business and every simulation need is different.

In order to fully evaluate whether or not the COMSOL Multiphysics® software will meet your requirements, you need to contact us. By talking to one of our sales representatives, you will get personalised recommendations and fully documented examples to help you get the most out of your evaluation and guide you to choose the best license option to suit your needs.

Fill in your contact details and any specific comments or questions, and submit. You will receive a response from a sales representative within one business day.

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